Why Does Laminitis Happen? Causes, Mechanisms, and Management

Laminitis is one of the most devastating equine conditions, affecting the laminae that anchor the hoof wall to the coffin bone. Understanding its causes and phases helps owners and veterinarians act early to protect horses from lasting damage.

The Laminitic Cascade

Laminitis progresses through three phases:

• Developmental Phase: Triggered by diet, hormonal imbalance, systemic inflammation, or mechanical overload.
• Acute Phase: Inflammation, ischemia, and release of damaging mediators disrupt blood flow and laminar bonds.
• Chronic Phase: Long-term structural changes like coffin bone rotation or sinking; hoof deformities and ongoing pain.

Contributing Factors

• Diet & Obesity: High-carbohydrate feeds and lush pastures can trigger laminitis, especially in overweight horses.
• Endocrine Disorders: EMS and PPID (Cushing’s disease) create insulin dysregulation and chronic inflammation.
• Mechanical Stress: Uneven weight-bearing or overwork on hard surfaces compromises hoof blood supply.

Managing Laminitis Risk

• Work with your vet on early detection and endocrine testing.
• Maintain proper diet—low NSC forage, limited lush pasture, and controlled grain intake.
• Provide routine farrier care to balance hooves and reduce stress.
• Encourage exercise suited to the horse’s condition to improve circulation and metabolic health.

Conclusion

Laminitis is complex, multifactorial, and requires early recognition, careful management, and a proactive approach to diet and hoof care. By addressing risk factors and working closely with your veterinarian and farrier, you can reduce its impact and safeguard your horse’s long-term soundness.