Seedy Toe in Horses: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Also known as white line disease, seedy toe weakens the hoof wall and creates cavities where infection can spread. Left untreated, it can cause lameness and serious structural issues. Here’s what you need to know.

What Is Seedy Toe?

Seedy toe is an infection that invades the hoof wall at the white line—the junction between the outer hoof wall and internal structures. Fungi and bacteria exploit cracks, trauma, or softening of the hoof to establish colonies and break down tissue.

Causes

• Fungal/Bacterial Infections: Pathogens such as Candida spp. thrive in weakened white line tissue.
• Environment: Wet, muddy conditions soften hooves and promote infection.
• Poor Hoof Care: Overgrowth, imbalances, or neglected trims create entry points for pathogens.
• Trauma: Cracks or punctures open pathways for microbes.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: Weak hoof growth from poor diet increases risk.

Symptoms

• Hoof wall separation or cavities
• White, powdery, or crumbly hoof tissue
• Foul odor from the hoof
• Lameness in advanced cases
• Pus or discharge if severe infection is present

Diagnosis

A farrier or veterinarian diagnoses seedy toe by physical exam, sometimes supported by radiographs or tissue sampling to assess infection depth and extent.

Treatment Options

• Trimming & Shoeing: Remove diseased tissue, balance the hoof, and provide supportive shoeing if needed.
• Medications: Topical antifungals and antibacterials help eradicate infection.
• Supplements: Biotin, zinc, and amino acids like methionine strengthen new hoof growth.
• Environmental Care: Keep stalls clean and dry; use proper bedding and drainage.

Prevention

• Schedule trims and farrier visits every 6–8 weeks
• Maintain a dry, sanitary environment
• Provide a balanced diet with hoof-strengthening nutrients
• Inspect and clean hooves daily

Conclusion

Seedy toe can seriously compromise hoof integrity if ignored. With early recognition, regular farrier care, a clean environment, and supportive topical products, most horses can recover fully. Proactive hoof care is your best defense.