Choke occurs when a horse’s esophagus becomes blocked, most commonly due to improperly chewed food or dry feed that expands after swallowing. Although the horse can still breathe, choke requires immediate attention to avoid complications like aspiration pneumonia or tissue damage.
What Causes Choke in Horses?
- Rapid eating without proper chewing
- Dry pellets or beet pulp not soaked before feeding
- Dental issues that impair chewing
- Feeding too soon after sedation
- Foreign objects or feed boluses
Warning Signs of Choke
- Drooling or discharge from the nose (often food or saliva)
- Coughing or gagging
- Neck stretching or repeated swallowing
- Visible discomfort or restlessness
- Signs of panic or anxiety while eating
What to Do If Your Horse is Choking
- Immediately remove access to food and water
- Keep the horse calm and monitor closely
- Call your veterinarian—do not attempt to force feed or administer water
- Do not sedate unless instructed by your vet
- Watch for signs of distress or complications after the choke episode
Preventing Future Choke Incidents
- Soak dry feed like beet pulp or pellets thoroughly before feeding
- Use slow feeders or spread out feed to reduce bolting
- Schedule regular dental exams to ensure proper chewing
- Feed horses individually to prevent competitive eating
- Ensure horses are fully alert and not sedated before feeding
Why It Matters
Choke can be frightening to witness, but with fast action and good feeding habits, it’s usually preventable. Knowing how to respond calmly and quickly can keep your horse safe and your barn running smoothly.